SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Compulsion loop</title>

</head>

Compulsion loop

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">Behavioural influences</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Obedience" title="Obedience">Obedience</a></li>

<li><a href="Compliance_(psychology)" title="Compliance (psychology)">Compliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_influence" title="Social influence">Social influence</a>

<li><a href="Social_perception" title="Social perception">Social perception</a>

<ul><li><a href="Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Attribution_(psychology)" title="Attribution (psychology)">Attribution</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-perception">Self-perception</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></td></tr></tbody></table>

A compulsion loop, reward loop or core loop is a <a href="Habit" title="Habit">habitual</a> chain of activities that a user may feel compelled to repeat. Typically, this loop is designed to create a <a href="Neurochemical" title="Neurochemical">neurochemical</a> reward in the user such as the release of <a href="Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a>.

Compulsion loops are deliberately used in <a href="Video_game_design" title="Video game design">video game design</a> as an <a href="Extrinsic_motivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrinsic motivation">extrinsic motivation</a> for players, but may also result from other activities that create such loops, intentionally or not, such as <a href="Gambling_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambling addiction">gambling addiction</a> and <a href="Internet_addiction_disorder" title="Internet addiction disorder">Internet addiction disorder</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basis">Basis</h2></div>

The understanding of the motivations of compulsion loops came out of experiments performed on laboratory animals in <a href="Operant_conditioning_chamber" title="Operant conditioning chamber">operant conditioning chamber</a> or a "Skinner box", where the animals are given both positive and negative stimuli for performing certain actions, such as providing food by pressing a lever. Besides demonstrating that animals would prefer positive rewards and thus learned to trigger the corresponding lever, <a href="B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a> found that the effects of random rewards and variable time between awards also became a factor towards how quickly the animals learned the rules of the <a href="Positive_reinforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive reinforcement">positive reinforcement</a> system.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_kim-1">[1]</a> Ongoing research has shown that <a href="Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a>, synthesized in the animal brain, is a key <a href="Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitter</a> involved in this process; disabling the ability for <a href="Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptors</a> to react to dopamine in animal studies can impact how rapidly the animals can be conditioned.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

Applying these principles to gaming, a compulsion loop creates a three-part cycle: the anticipation of receiving some reward, the activity that must be completed to receive that reward, and the act of finally obtaining the reward. From a neuroscience aspect, it is believed that the anticipation phase is where dopamine is created by the human brain, while it is released upon obtaining the reward.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_samson-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_hopson-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-5">[5]</a> Dopamine creates feelings of pleasure in the brain and drives motivation, and while the neurotransmitter itself is not addictive, can lead to <a href="Addictive_behavior" title="Addictive behavior">addictive behavior</a> as the user desires to experience the further dopamine release.<a href="#cite_note-pmid24107968-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_game_design">In game design</h2></div>

A core or compulsion loop is any repetitive gameplay cycle that is designed to keep the player engaged with the game. Players perform an action, are rewarded, another possibility opens and the cycle repeats.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> A compulsion loop may be distinguished further from a core loop; while many games have a core loop of activities that a player may repeat over and over again, such as combat within a <a href="Computer_role-playing_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer role-playing game">role-playing game</a>, a compulsion loop is particularly designed to guide the player into anticipation for the potential reward from specific activities.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_kim-1">[1]</a> The compulsion loop can be strengthened by adding a <a href="Variable_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable ratio">variable ratio</a> schedule, where each response has a chance of producing a reward. Another strategy is an avoidance schedule, where the players work to postpone a negative consequence.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_hopson-4">[4]</a> Without a lack of meaningful reward, the player may eventually no longer engage with the game, causing extinction of the player population for a game. Particularly for <a href="Freemium" title="Freemium">freemium</a> titles, where players can opt to spend real-world money for in-game boosts, extinction is undesirable so the game is designed around a near-perpetual compulsion loop alongside frequent addition of new content.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_hopson-4">[4]</a>

Compulsion loops in video games can be established through several means. One common approach is to show the player a "baseline" for how powerful the player-character could become, such as starting the game in an advanced power state and shortly stripping the character of those advancements and having the player rebuild the character to that state, or to show them a powerful non-player character that their starting character could eventually build towards. Another approach is through the <a href="Difficulty_curve" class="mw-redirect" title="Difficulty curve">difficulty curve</a> of the game, making enemies stronger as the player-characters advance deeper into the game, and requiring the player to spend time to improve the character whether through new gear, abilities, or the player's own performance to progress. In multiplayer games, players may also be simply driven by envy towards other players that have more powerful characters.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_mandrkya-9">[9]</a> Some loops can rely on the concept of <a href="Drug_withdrawal" title="Drug withdrawal">withdrawal</a>, in that the player may get to a state in the game they are content with, but by some means, the game shows the player a potential of where they could be by improving, and anticipating the player to feel like they are lacking something and will return to engage in the game.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_mandrkya-9">[9]</a>

A well-known example of a compulsion loop in video games is the <a href="Monster_Hunter" title="Monster Hunter">Monster Hunter</a> series by <a href="Capcom" title="Capcom">Capcom</a>. Players take the role of a monster hunter, using a variety of weapons and armor to slay or trap the creatures. By doing so, they gain monster parts and other loot that can be used to craft new weapons and equipment that is typically stronger than their previous gear. The loop presents itself that players use their current equipment to hunt monsters with a given difficulty level that provide parts that can be used to craft improved equipment. This then lets them face more difficult monsters that provide parts for even better gear. This is aided by the random nature of the drops (a variable ratio), sometimes requiring players to repeat quests several times to get the right parts.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> A compulsion loop may involve two or different gameplay modes that feed each other. For example, in <a href="Cult_of_the_Lamb" title="Cult of the Lamb">Cult of the Lamb</a>, one half of the game is a roguelike hack-n-slash system which the player can use to gather resources, which are then used in the game's other half, a settlement management simulation. By advancing the settlement, the player can unlock more powerful weapons and abilities in the hack-and-slash and reach more difficult areas required to obtain rarer resources needed for further settlement advancement.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

Another type of compulsion loop are offered through many games in the form of a <a href="Loot_box" title="Loot box">loot box</a> or similar term, depending on the game. Loot boxes are earned progressively by continuing to play the game; this may be as a reward for winning a match, purchasable through in-game currency that one earns in game, or through <a href="Microtransaction" title="Microtransaction">microtransactions</a> with real-world funds. Loot boxes contain a fixed number of randomly chosen in-game items, with at least one guaranteed to be of a higher rarity than the others. For many games, these items are simply customization options for the player's avatar that has no direct impact on gameplay, but they may also include gameplay-related items, or additional in-game currency. Loot boxes work under the psychology principle of variable rate reinforcement, which causes dopamine production at higher rates due to the unpredictable nature of the reward in contrast to fixed rewards.<a href="#cite_note-pcgamer_loot-13">[13]</a> In many games, opening a loot box is accompanied by visuals and audios to heighten the excitement and further this response. Overall, a loot box system can encourage the player to continue to play the game, and potentially spend real-world funds to gain loot boxes immediately. Controversy arose in 2018 around loot boxes with several experts, governments, and concerned citizens fearing that loot boxes could lead to gambling, particularly in youth, and some governments took step to ban loot box practices that involved real-world funds.<a href="#cite_note-pcgamer_loot-13">[13]</a>

Compulsion loops can be used as a replacement for game content, especially in <a href="Grinding_(video_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grinding (video gaming)">grinding</a> and freemium game experience models. The opposite of rewarding predictable, tedious and repetitive tasks are reward action contingency based systems, where players overcome game challenges with clear signals of progress.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychological_effects">Psychological effects</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Psychological_dependence" title="Psychological dependence">Psychological dependence</a></div>

Encouraging players to return to the game world can lead to <a href="Video_game_addiction" title="Video game addiction">video game addiction</a> if not careful.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="Internet_addiction_disorder" title="Internet addiction disorder">Internet addiction disorder</a> can also result from a compulsion loop created by users in checking email, websites, and social media to see the results of their actions.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-5">[5]</a> A common concern related to compulsion loops in video games is a potential for violent video games to lead to violent behavior even though the <a href="American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> (APA) had asserted in 2019 that there is no direct connection between violent video games and real-world violent behavior,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20190805-17">[17]</a> some still fear that compulsion loops in these types of games can help to reinforce violence tendencies.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFKim2014" class="citation web cs1">Kim, Joseph (March 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/the-compulsion-loop-explained">"The Compulsion Loop Explained"</a>. <a href="Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a>. Retrieved February 3, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBarrusWinstanley2016" class="citation journal cs1">Barrus, Michael M.; Winstanley, Catharine A. (January 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/36/3/785.full.pdf">"Dopamine D3 Receptors Modulate the Ability of Win-Paired Cues to Increase Risky Choice in a Rat Gambling Task"</a> (PDF). <a href="The_Journal_of_Neuroscience" title="The Journal of Neuroscience">The Journal of Neuroscience</a>. 36 (3): 785–794. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.2225-15.2016">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2225-15.2016</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6602008">6602008</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26791209">26791209</a>. Retrieved February 3, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-gamasutra_samson-3"><a href="#cite_ref-gamasutra_samson_3-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSamson2017" class="citation web cs1">Samson, Sebastien (November 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/compulsion-loops-dopamine-in-games-and-gamification">"Compulsion Loops & Dopamine in Games and Gamification"</a>. <a href="Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a>. Retrieved February 3, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-gamasutra_hopson-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gamasutra_hopson_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamasutra_hopson_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamasutra_hopson_4-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFHopson2001" class="citation web cs1">Hopson, John (April 27, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/behavioral-game-design">"Behavioral Game Design"</a>. <a href="Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a>. Retrieved February 3, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-atlantic-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atlantic_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlantic_5-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFDavidow2012" class="citation web cs1">Davidow, Bill (July 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/07/exploiting-the-neuroscience-of-internet-addiction/259820/">"Exploiting the Neuroscience of Internet Addiction"</a>. <a href="The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. Retrieved February 3, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pmid24107968-6"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid24107968_6-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBalikiMansourBariaHuang2013" class="citation journal cs1">Baliki MN, Mansour A, Baria AT, Huang L, Berger SE, Fields HL, Apkarian AV (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3792469">"Parceling human accumbens into putative core and shell dissociates encoding of values for reward and pain"</a>. The Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (41): 16383–93. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.1731-13.2013">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1731-13.2013</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3792469">3792469</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24107968">24107968</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFWangRenLongLiu2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Qianjin; Ren, Honghong; Long, Jiang; Liu, Yueheng; Liu, Tieqiao (July 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678059">"Research progress and debates on gaming disorder"</a>. <a href="General_Psychiatry" title="General Psychiatry">General Psychiatry</a>. 32 (3): e100071. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fgpsych-2019-100071">10.1136/gpsych-2019-100071</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678059">6678059</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31423477">31423477</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Keith Stuart: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/21/candy-crush-angry-birds-psychology-compulsive-casual-games-mobile-flappy-birds">My favourite waste of time: why Candy Crush and Angry Birds are so compulsive</a>, <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 21 May 2014

</li>

<li id="cite_note-gamasutra_mandrkya-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gamasutra_mandrkya_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamasutra_mandrkya_9-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFMandryka2016" class="citation web cs1">Mandryka, Alexandre (August 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/compulsion-loop-is-withdrawal-driven">"Compulsion loop is withdrawal-driven"</a>. <a href="Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a>. Retrieved February 3, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBusby2016" class="citation web cs1">Busby, James (December 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotaku.co.uk/2016/12/02/the-first-monster-hunters">"The First Monster Hunters"</a>. <a href="Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a> UK. Retrieved June 20, 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFStranton2016" class="citation web cs1">Stranton, Rich (July 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/15/monster-hunter-generations-review-nintendo-capcom">"Monster Hunter Generations review – fantastic beast hunt hits new heights"</a>. <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved June 20, 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.destructoid.com/cult-of-the-lamb-has-a-perfect-gameplay-loop/">"Cult of the Lamb has a perfect gameplay loop"</a>. 4 September 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pcgamer_loot-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pcgamer_loot_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pcgamer_loot_13-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFWiltshire2017" class="citation web cs1">Wiltshire, Alex (September 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamer.com/behind-the-addictive-psychology-and-seductive-art-of-loot-boxes/">"Behind the addictive psychology and seductive art of loot boxes"</a>. <a href="PC_Gamer" title="PC Gamer">PC Gamer</a>. Retrieved September 28, 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBrock2016" class="citation book cs1">Brock, Dubbels (2016-11-23). Transforming Gaming and Computer Simulation Technologies across Industries. IGI Global. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781522518181</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Mez Breeze: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenextweb.com/insider/2013/01/12/what-makes-games-so-addictive/">A quiet killer: Why video games are so addictive</a>, TNW, Jan 12, 2013

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2015" class="citation web cs1">Schwartz, Tony (November 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/29/opinion/sunday/addicted-to-distraction.html?_r=0">"Addicted to Distraction"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved March 20, 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nytimes_20190805-17"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_20190805_17-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDraper2019" class="citation web cs1">Draper, Kevin (August 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/sports/trump-violent-video-games-studies.html">"Video Games Aren't Why Shootings Happen. Politicians Still Blame Them"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved August 22, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFParkin2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Parkin, Simon (August 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5647659/no-video-games-dont-cause-mass-shootings-but-the-conversation-shouldnt-end-there/">"No, Video Games Don't Cause Mass Shootings. But The Conversation Shouldn't End There"</a>. <a href="Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Retrieved February 3, 2020.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-07" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Compulsion_loop&oldid=1304589115">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>